KOLEK AS A TRADITIONAL BOAT OF NATUNA PEOPLE

Natuna society in the maritime region has a close relationship with traditional technology in the form of kolek boats. As a material object, kolek is considered an important part of fishing activities since ancient times. The description of kolek is currently still lacking and even very minimally known. This article aims to describe kolek as a traditional technology of Natuna society. Likewise, some traditional boats in Natuna. The formal object of this research is cultural anthropology, while the material object is kolek boats. This descriptive qualitative research uses data collection techniques of observation, direct interview, and literature study. There are three stages of data analysis, namely data collection, data interpretation, and data inference. The traditional technology of kolek boats is not only a means of fishing at sea, but many cultural values. Kolek also holds traditional knowledge that must be preserved.


Introduction
One element of human culture is livelihood. Septiana (2018)  In order to meet livelihood needs, technology is created by the community so that these activities run well. The technology created is simpler with knowledge of materials and how to make them. The manifestation of this cultural element is none other than the equipment and technology itself ( S u m a r t o , 2 0 1 9 ) . A s s t a t e d b y Koentjaraningrat (Hilman et al., 2020), there are three forms of cultural manifestations, namely ideas, activity patterns, and objects made by humans.
These two elements are interrelated and necessary for human survival.
The involvement of society and nature produces a habit, values, and guidelines that belong to the collectivity of the community. This also forms the characteristics of each community.
People who live in coastal areas are no exception, unconsciously shaping their culture into a maritime culture (Kambey et al., 2020). The causality between the two produces culture, also produces technology. By utilizing materials from nature and traditional knowledge, the technology works according to the wishes of the community. Indrastuti  and concepts as well as the reflections of h u m a n a t t i t u d e s a n d c u l t u r e s .
Holistically, kolek is considered as a part of human culture so that it will be a center of the present study.

Anthropology
The Anthropology as a young field of science has a major scope according to Keesing (Sri Rejeki, 2013). It can be divided into physical anthropology and c u l t u r a l a n t h r o p o l o g y. P h y s i c a l anthropology focuses its studies on physical development and human behavior (Satria et al., 2020). Man in physical anthropology is considered as a biological organism that also traces biological variation in various types. In this regard, this section attempts to answer why humans can become c r e a t u r e s w i t h t h e i r p r e s e n t characteristics (Nurmansyah et al., 2019).

Cultural Anthropology
Humans can create a culture.

Methodology
T h e p r e s e n t s t u d y u s e s a descriptive qualitative design as it seems more appropriate to analyze the research subjects. In addition, expressing matters related to socio-culture will be easier to

Natuna Traditional Technology
The boat signifies that there is a close connection between the maritime community and the sea. Apparently, these two objects cannot be separated because they are related to each other. (Nasir & Muhammad, 2018). In this discussion, traditional technology refers to sea vehicles used by people in Natuna. The types of boats that were familiar to the community before the 80s were the tuako and kolek.
Nevertheless, there are still several other boats that also need to be described.
After the 80s, pompong began to appear as engine-powered boats with a payload ranging from 3 to 15 tons. In the 1990s, speed boats and wooden ships with a carrying capacity of 500 tons appeared in Natuna with the d e s t i n a t i o n s o f Ta n j u n g p i n a n g , Pemangkat, Semarang, Pekanbaru, Jambi and Sekucing (Galba & Sudiono, 2007). Until now kolek and jongkong can still be found. There were also kolek and jongkong contests at the village and district levels. Meanwhile, the tuako is nowhere to be seen.

Jongkong
The mention of jongkong in the Since the beginning, it was agreed by the community that the jongkong is a traditional boat without sails that uses human power and is assisted by oars.
In the past, generally on Pulau Tujuh (Natuna and Anambas) the making of jongkong was done in mutual cooperation. However, over time the manufacturing process has also changed (Erwina et al., 2022). Jongkong was originally made by making a hole in the middle of a tree trunk. However, jongkong is now made in a different way.
Jongkong was found earlier than kolek. It is not known exactly when it was actually made, but people say that kolek is older than jongkong. In terms of shape, squatting changes in size. This can be seen from the width of the squat that can be climbed by more than one person. The same type of wood is used by Anambas fishermen in making jongkong (Erwina et al., 2022). This type was chosen because of its light weight.
Linggi on Jongkong has the same height between the bow and stern. In addition, there is a front deck. There is also a front floor that people can sit on.
In the next part of the fish compartment,   September 2023 awnings to carry out activities on boats (Kurniati, 2017 propulsion, but uses sails. In order to sail, the tuako must take into account the direction of the wind. Fishermen must understand the movement of nature, because with such knowledge it will be easy to lead the tuako. At that time, the Tuako had sailed to Kuching and Singapore. Sailing from Natuna using tuako must take the north wind because at that time the waves are big so that the ship gets to its destination faster. It is also due to the blow of the wind. If from Singapore, fishermen must take the direction of the south wind. It is not surprising that at that time many skilled sailors were used to carrying old boats. The problem with the tuako is when the wind is calm because it will be difficult to move the tuako. Kolek is made using selected woods that can be found on the island of  (Nasir & Muhamad, 2018).

Figure 2. Kolek in Sepempang, Ranai
During the adaptation period, kolek was made using a stacked wooden model, meaning that dinghy was made by joining together pieces of wood that were arranged according to the size of the kolek. Stacking wood using 350 pegs made of pine wood. These pegs are placed alternately on the wooden parts to be connected to form a boat hull made of tengar wood or pelaik wood (Pulai). Kuweng used to cover exposed wood gaps to prevent water from getting into the kolek., but now more often use guni fiber rope. In addition to stacked wood, dinghy can also be made from large stems and then the center is drilled (a hole is made in the middle) to form the inside of a kolek. In the past, the materials obtained had to be dried for two years and then they could be put together.
The kolek is 1.5 feet wide. This measurement is equal to 1.5 feet high.  (Musa et al., 2014).
Kolek in the Riau Archipelago, s u c h a s i n D a i k L i n g g a , h a v e differences, especially in terms of size.
Jongkong is said to be smaller than kolek. This expression is of course  (Nasir & Muhamad, 2018).

Conclusion
The