Android-Based Augmented Reality in Education Activity for Children

Augmented reality technology has been widely developed and implemented in an Android based smartphone application. This technology can be used for entertainment and education. Unfortunately, the use for education is still rare. This paper proposes an android application to introduce the types of land transportation based on augmented reality technology which is visualized in 3-dimensional (3D) form for education as well as entertainment. There are seven land transportation modes that are presented ranged from two wheels to four wheels, i.e. cars, ambulances, buses, motorbikes, taxis, trucks and bicycles. Alpha testing has been carried out and show the results that the application run well following the expected function. This application can be delivered to public, especially for online learning of children in pandemic situation. In addition, it helps parents to introduce several land transportation modes. With a 3D view, the introduction of types of land transportation is more interactive and realistic.


Introduction
In line with the development of technology, facilities and infrastructure have also developed in various fields of work, including the education sector related to the use of technology as a support for learning media. One kind of technology that continues to be developed as a learning medium is augmented reality.
Interactive learning can implement augmented reality, e.g. for a learning on computer devices in one of the learning courses for students [Mustika et al., 2015]. Learning media that previously used conventional media such as sheets or books that were only use 2-dimensional objects can be collaborated with 3-dimensional media. Therefore, they can be interestingly presented and interactive.
Another study also developed augmented reality for student in studying the human digestive system; in order the students easily understand the digestive system and how it works easily. This learning method can be implemented in biology subjects [Adami and Budihartanti, 2016] [Mauludin et al., 2017].
Not only about human digestion, even viruses in the human body can be developed using augmented reality technology to help students understand the shape of the virus and how the virus infects the human body [Samsuri et al., 2018]. In addition to the topic of the inside of the human body, human movement is also being developed using augmented reality, for example the prayer movement. Applications can assist elementary school students in practicing the prayer movement through mobile-based smartphone media [Ahmadi et al., 2017]. The use of applications can be assisted by parents or teachers in explaining the implementation of the application.
Furthermore, learning for special schools in the vocational section as an educational medium was developed for learning interior and exterior design of buildings in increasing the abstraction skill of students [Muhayat et al., 2017]. Another lesson, namely butterfly Jurnal Piksel 8(2): 101 -106 (September 2020) metamorphosis that is displayed using augmented reality can help students understand the description of each stage in butterfly metamorphosis [Ningsih et al., 2019].
Previous studies, related to transportation, research was carried out by utilizing sensorbased augmented reality on mobile public transportation users so that the application can help users to display the nearest transit stop [Kamilakis et al., 2016]. Apart from displaying bus stops, it can also monitor trips in real time and display schedule information from user trips related to transportation problems [Królewski and Gawrysiak, 2011].
The paper developes augmented reality application on Android-based smartphone. This application is about the introduction of types of land transportation as learning material using augmented reality technology that can visualize object models 3-dimensional (3D) form.
By explanation using augmented reality, we hope teachers and parents in current pandemic situation can make children able to recognize several types of land transportation in Indonesia with guidance or explanation from parents as a means of learning and an explanation of the implementation of the use of the application. The use of this application is not only limited to children but also for children with mental disabilities.

Research Method
The research method uses the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) software development model, which includes the development process from information or to investigation, analysis, design, and implementation of the project created which is consists of several stages as follows (Binanto, 2010).

Concept
This study used some concept, namely: (1) This study aims to build an application using augmented reality technology regarding land transportation (seven types of land transportation), (2) Users themselves are general, including children. Applications in 3D form and to be used as a learning medium for children, (3) Hardware and software specifications, namely the use of applications on Android-based smartphones, (4) The main material needed is a 3D image and information from land transportation.

Design
The design consisted of process design and interface design. The process design was used for making the application using the storyboard system modeling. Table 1 shows the storyboard system of the overall use of the application being built.  (2018) The design process (table 1) shows the parts of the scene, sequence, outline, description, and message/camera subject. Meanwhile, the interface design used image content on the card which also have a function as a marker. The marker used was only 1 marker, but it can cover each of the 7 objects provided. Figure 1 shows the markers for land transportation.

Building
This stage consists of application building using a 3D blender to create 3-dimensional models, whereas the unity game engine and the Vuforia SDK were used as a library for augmented reality.

Testing
Testing aims to determine whether there is an error in the application on a smartphone device against the marker made. The test method was alpha testing by observing the use of the application by the user, which is then corrected by the developer for defects in the application (Simarmata, 2010).

Distribution
The application will not be useful if users (children) does not want to use it, does not understand, or does not know that the proposed application exists. For the distributed process, the application will be given a file with the extension so that it can be used by general public users.

Result
The application development displays several views such as the splash screen, main menu, and others. In an application, there is a splash screen that opens the application starting as shown in Figure 2. After the splash screen appears (Figure 2), the main application menu also appears. On the main menu (Figure 3), there is a menu option to enter each of the other menus, namely the AR Camera menu which displays options for land transportation, the about menu which displays application information, and the help menu for how to use the application. If the user selects an object from the 7 objects shown as in figure 4, for example selecting a motorbike or other object and has clicked on the object's image, it will activate the camera on the smartphone and the user points to the designated marker so that the 3D object can shown. There are 7 objects that can be displayed based on the selected object. Figure 5 shows the 3D object view of the transportation types.  Figure 5. Display of transportation types

Discussion
After application development, the next process is testing. Tests carried out on applications aims to ensure whether the functional application is running properly and correctly as well as in-line with the needs and goals of application development. Alpha testing was used in this study. This method focuses on the functional requirements of the built software as shown in table 2.  Table 2 shows the alpha testing on the application. Based on this test, it appears that the test has appropriate results between the points tested and the application. It can be concluded that the application can run well and provide the correct output based on the given input. The application has run according to the test on Android-based smartphones.